Postnatal depression, also known as postpartum depression, is a serious condition that can occur within the first year after the birth of a child. It is neiter hysteria, nor trivial or attention-seeking, but a condition that requires support. We explain the background, warning signs, and what you can do if you’re affected – or if your partner, daughter, daughter-in-law, or friend is.
What Is Postnatal Depression?
Postnatal depression (also called postpartoum depression) is a depressive condition that can occur after birth. It is relatively common – approximately 10–15% of all birthing people are affected, and sometimes partners are too. It can develop at any point in the first year after birth and last for several weeks to months. The onset of the illness is often gradual and is usually recognised late by those affected and their relatives. This is compounded by trivialisation, as the illness is rarely taken seriously by society.
The causes of postnatal depression have not yet been fully clarified. Risk factors include previous mental illness and particular stressors such as a crying baby or lack of support from a partner.
Symptoms of Postnatal Depression
The symptoms of postnatal depression are varied and not all signs appear in every person affected. If several items from this list apply, you may want to pay attention:
- Headaches, dizziness, heart palpitations
- Difficulty concentrating and sleep disturbances
- Loss of appetite
- Persistent sadness
- Listlessness, lack of energy
- Feelings of emptiness, worthlessness, disinterest or overwhelm
- Ambivalent feelings towards the child
- Guilt
- Feelings of numbness
- Anxiety and panic attacks
Treatment Options
Postnatal depression should be treated to avoid long-term consequences for parents and child(ren). The illness is also highly treatable and generally heals completely. In mild cases, a few conversations with specialist doctors, psychotherapists or at a counselling centre are often sufficient. In more severe and prolonged cases, longer-term psychotherapy and, if necessary, medication can be used. Hospital admission is rarely required.
What Can Partners and Friends Do?
It is important to recognise postnatal depression as an illness. Those affected need support and compassion, not pressure or condescending jokes. Nobody ‘makes themselves’ depressed intentionally or for attention.
In addition to recognition and solidarity, partners, friends and relatives can help with practical support. The feeling of being overwhelmed that often accompanies postnatal depression usually has a real basis. Give time, help with housework, with baby care, with caring for siblings or pets. And encourage those affected to seek counselling or medical support.
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